Answer "Reading a P&id" Course No. 203

IELTS Mock Test 2022 April

Published on: 21 Apr 2020

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• one rehabilitation of offenders
• 2 has been accelerating
• iii all expectations
• 4 question the validity
• 5 than alleviate
• 6 more effective alternatives
• seven social and economic
• 8 NOT GIVEN
• nine Imitation
• 10 True
• 11 True
• 12 FALSE
• 13 FALSE
• 14 moral or philosophical
• 15 physiological/biological disposition
• 16 heritable/inherited
• 17 characterised past
• eighteen hereditary aspect/biological basis
• 19 associated with

• 20 criminal tendencies
• 21 Chromosomal abnormality
• 22 masculine and ambitious
• 23 severely undermined by
• 24 environmental and social
• 25 26 D,East
• 27 means
• 28 for identification purposes
• 29 victims
• 30 centred on
• 31 removed
• 32 constabulary enforcement agencies
• 33 evade capture
• 34 crime scene
• 35 the publication of
• 36 mod forensic techniques/forensic science
• 37 fingerprint-ing/new-constitute
• 38 standard practice
• 39 40 A,D

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Section 1: Questions 1-13

Questions i-vii

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO More than THAN Iii WORDS from the passage for each respond.

A decrease in crime in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more to the ane than to their incarceration.

Closure of prisons in the Netherlands 2 at an unprecedented rate over contempo years.

Confronting iii the Netherlands are seeing a drop in crime along with the closure of prisons.

Since statistics do not support the argument for incarceration this has fabricated many four of such a practice.

In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather 5 criminal offense, thereby defeating the purpose of such a punishment.

In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences accomplish trivial, less costly and 6 were put forward by the Conservatives in 1990.

Crime is non only downwards to private behaviour but is besides a result of seven influences.

• 1 Reply: rehabilitation of offenders

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q1: A decrease in criminal offense in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more than to the ___ than to their incarceration . rehabilitation of offenders	In kingdom of the netherlands and parts of the United states of america such as Johnson Canton, a move towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing crime has seen a reduction in incarceration rates.
  Annotation: According to the question, " A subtract in crime in the Netherlands and parts of the US is attributable more to the__than to their incarceration. " From the passage, we tin infer that " In the Netherlands and parts of the Usa such every bit Johnson Canton, a movement towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing criminal offense has seen a reduction in incarceration rates " Which is will be a sentence support the author'southward ideal in the question. The clues aid the reader notice out the answer :  "in kingdom of the netherlands and parts of the US " appears in both the question and the passage refer to the national. Noun phrases "A decrease in crime" in Q and "decreasing crime" in P have the same significant. "incarceration" appears in both the Q and P. One more than keyword: the answer volition be a noun or noun phrase . Therefore, the answer should be rehabilitation of offenders

• 2 Answer: has been accelerating

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q2: Closure of prisons in the Netherlands ___ at an unprecedented rate over recent years .	If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison system has been accelerating at a phenomenal pace, with 19 of the prisons existence close down in 2022 alone .
  Note: According to the question, " Closure of prisons in holland __at an unprecedented rate over recent years." From the passage, we tin can infer that "If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison organization has been accelerating at a phenomenal pace, with 19 of the prisons being shut downwardly in 2022 alone." Which is a sentence volition be support the writer's ideal in the question. The clues aid the reader to find out the answer : "over recent years " in Q and " in 2022 alone" in P which have the same meanings and refer to the year. "Closure of prisons " in P and "with 19 of the prisons beingness close downward'' in Q which accept the same meaning: close the prisons . "Netherlands" in Q and "Dutch" in P which accept the same significant is connected with kingdom of the netherlands, its people or its language. Ane more keyword: y'all can see in the Q which missing main verbs. Hence, y'all demand to find the suitable verb . Therefore, the answer should exist has been accelerating

• 3 Answer: all expectations

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q3: Against __ holland are seeing a drop in crime along with the closure of prisons.	Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, offense rates in the Netherlands are also actually decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons.
  Annotation: According to the question " Against__the Netherlands are seeing a driblet in crime along with the closure of prisons." 🡺 the space "__"  in the Q need a noun or noun phrase. From the passage we tin know that "Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, crime rates in the Netherlands are likewise really decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons" Which is a sentence support the writer's platonic in Q. The clues help the reader find out the reply : "the netherlands" appears in both Q and the P. "the closure of prisons" appears in both Q and P. In this situation nosotros tin know that "Against" has the same meaning with "Defying" in the passage which is defy somebody/something to pass up to obey or show respect for somebody in authorization, a law, a rule, etc.           Therefore, answer should be all expectations

• 4 Answer: question the validity

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q4: Since statistics do not back up the argument for incarceration this has fabricated many  ___ of such a practice.	With such statistics laid blank for all to see, many are now offset to question the validity of incarceration equally a method of reforming offenders.
  Note: From the question stated above, we tin infer that " Since statistics do not support the argument for incarceration this has made many__of such a do." 🡺 the space "__" in Q demand a noun or substantive pharse. From the passage nosotros tin know that the judgement "With such statistics laid bare for all to meet, many are now beginning to question the validity of incarceration as a method of reforming offenders." Which is a sentence support the author'southward platonic in the question. The clues help the reader find out the answer : " statistics" appears in both Q and the P. "incarceration" appears in both Q and P. "many" in Q and "many" in P which lead the reader can find out the answer. Therefore, answer should exist question the validity.

• 5 Answer: than alleviate

  Keywords in Questions	Like words in Passage
  Q5: In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather  ___ criminal offense, thereby defeating the purpose of such a penalty.	In that location is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than alleviate.
  Note: From the question, nosotros can infer that " In fact, incarceration may serve to fuel rather __crime, thereby defeating the purpose of such a punishment." From the passage nosotros can know that the judgement " In that location is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than convalesce." Which is a sentence back up the writer's platonic in the question. The clues help the reader find out  the answer : "serve " in Q and "serving" in P which are completely unlike blazon merely they have the same pregnant. Information technology helps the reader can observe out the clues. " rather " appears in both Q and P. Nosotros besides have formula: "rather + than + V". So from this formula we can easily find the answer.                 The answer here should exist than alleviate

• 6 Answer: more constructive alternatives

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q6: In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences attain little, less costly  and ____ were put forward by the Conservatives in 1990.	Interestingly, the report also argued that there should be a range of community-based sentences which would exist cheaper and more constructive alternatives to prison.
  Note: From the question stated to a higher place, we can infer that " In recognition of the fact that custodial sentences achieve little, less costly and__were put forwards past the Conservatives in 1990". 🡺 the space "__" in Q demand to follw Comparison: less costly and + more than Adj/Adv. From the passage we can know that the judgement "Interestingly, the report likewise argued that there should exist a range of community-based sentences which would be cheaper and more effective alternatives to prison." Which is a sentence support the writer's ideal in the question. The clues help the reader find out the answer : "sentences" appears in both Q and the P. "less costly" in the Q has the aforementioned meaning with "cheaper" in the P.        The answer hither should exist more constructive alternatives

• 7 Reply: social and economic

  Keywords in Question	Similar words in Passage
  Q7: Criminal offense is not only down to individual behaviour simply is also a upshot of ___ influences .	Such an arroyo overlooks social and economic factors that can play an integral office in the incidence of crime.
  Note: From the connections stated above, nosotros can infer that " Crime is not only down to individual behaviour but is likewise a result of __influences. " 🡺 the space "__" in the Q need a substantive or substantive phrase. From the passage we can know that the sentence "Such an approach overlooks social and economical factors that can play an integral part in the incidence of criminal offense." Which is sentence volition be support support the writer'southward ideal in the question. The clues help the reader notice out the answer : In Q the author mentions about criminal offense elements and in P the writer gives some data to support the idea. Hence the respond is social and economic

Questions 8-13

Do the post-obit statements agree with the data given in the text?

For questions 8-xiii, write

TRUE	if the statement agrees with the information
Simulated	if the statement contradicts the data
Non GIVEN	If there is no information on this

8     Mothers who receive a custodial sentence are worse role models for their children than fathers who receive similar justice.

nine     Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners.

10     Factors other than an private'southward guilt are rarely taken into business relationship by the English language judicial organisation.

11     A proven link exists between mothers receiving a custodial judgement and their offspring committing crimes in later life.

12     The English judicial organization stands to do good from incarcerating offenders.

thirteen     At that place are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less pop in the U.k..

• eight Answer: NOT GIVEN

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q8: Mothers who receive a custodial sentence are worse role models for their children than fathers who receive like justice.
  Note: From the question nosotros can infer that " Mothers who receive a custodial judgement are worse part models for their children than fathers who receive similar justice." There is no information in the passage related to the writer's ideal.                   So the respond is NOT GIVEN

• 9 Respond: Simulated

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q9: Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners.	Quite autonomously from the price and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the beginning place
  Note: Co-ordinate to the question, we can assume that " Custodial sentences are intended primarily to reform prisoners. " From the passage we tin infer that "Quite autonomously from the cost and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the first place"  ' which support the writer's ideal and assist united states tin can detect the answer from this sentence . The clues assistance the reader discover out the respond :  "Custodial sentences " appear both in Q and P, but they are mention 2 alien issues. One side the author mentions about "reform prisoners" , some other side author talk about "relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the curt-sightedness"             Hence the answer is Imitation

• x Answer: Truthful

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q10: Factors other than an individual'southward guilt are rarely taken into account by the English judicial system .	It would practise no impairment for the UK to expect to the Netherlands for an example in reducing crime through addressing social problems as a central to reducing incarceration .
  Note: From the question  we tin can assume that  the writer asked " Factors other than an individual's guilt are rarely taken into business relationship by the English judicial organisation." From the passage we can infer that " It would do no harm for the Uk to expect to kingdom of the netherlands for an example in reducing crime through addressing social problems every bit a primal to reducing incarceration" Which support the writer's ideal. The clues help the reader find out the answer : In this situation nosotros tin know that "individual's guilt are rarely taken into " in Q has the same meaning with "reducing criminal offense through addressing social problems equally a key to reducing incarceration"in P. "the English judicial arrangement" in Q has the same meaning with "the U.k." in P.           Hence the answer is Truthful

• 11 Reply: Truthful

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q11: A proven link exists betwixt mothers receiving a custodial sentence and their offspring committing crimes in later life .	Worse notwithstanding, figures show that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more probable to be convicted of a crime than adult children of imprisoned fathers.
  Note: From the connections stated above, " A proven link exists between mothers receiving a custodial judgement and their offspring committing crimes in subsequently life. " From the passage we tin infer that "Worse still, figures show that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more likely to be convicted of a criminal offence than adult children of imprisoned fathers." which is the right data related with question. and support for the sentence in the question. The clues help the reader find out the reply : "mothers" announced both in Q and the P. "A proven link" in the Q and "figures prove" in the P they take the same meaning. "offspring committing crimes in afterward life" in Q has the aforementioned meaning with " adult children of imprisoned mothers" in the passage.                    The answer here should be TRUE

• 12 Respond: Simulated

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q12: The English judicial system stands to do good from incarcerating offenders .	'The caste of civilisation in a gild is revealed by not having prisons and instead past addressing social issues in society itself .'
  Notation: From the question we can infer that " The English language judicial organization stands to benefit from incarcerating offenders." According to the passage, the writer show for the reader know " 'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by non having prisons and instead by addressing social issues in society itself.'" which is sentence support some information in the question. The clues aid the reader find out the reply : In this siutation we can see the author mentions about two contradictory issues. On side the author talk about " do good from incarcerating offenders" merely in fact The English not received benefit "not having prisons and instead past addressing social issues in guild itself."          The respond hither should be Simulated

• thirteen Answer: Fake

  Keywords in Questions	Similar words in Passage
  Q13: There are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less popular in the U.k. .	More tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community judgement, rather than a custodial one, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued past the Uk Ministry of Justice.
  Notation: From the connections stated above, the writer shows the reader " In that location are signs that custodial sentences are becoming less pop in the Great britain." According to the passage, " More than tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence, rather than a custodial 1, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued by the Great britain Ministry of Justice." which is sentence support some information in the question. The clues help the reader find out the answer : In this siutation we tin see the writer mentions nearly 2 contradictory issues. On side the author talk nearly "custodial sentences are becoming less pop in the Great britain" but in fact "a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community sentence". That mean custodial sentences are becoming pop in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland The answer here should be FALSE

READING PASSAGE 1

Read the text on the side by side page and reply Questions 1-13.

Prison: The Solution or the Problem?

In the Netherlands and parts of the USA such as Johnson County, a move towards rehabilitation of offenders and decreasing law-breaking has seen a reduction in incarceration rates. Bucking this tendency, the UK's prison house population has increased by an average rate of 3.6% per year since 1993. As the situation currently stands, England's and Wales' incarceration rate is 148 per 100,000 compared to 98 in France, 82 in the Netherlands and 79 in Germany. Without a shadow of a doubt, out of all European countries, the UK has adopted the most hardline approach to offenders.

The trend towards imposing prison sentences on offenders in the Britain is made to seem all the more harsh since the Dutch Justice Ministry is actively in the process of systematically endmost downward prisons. In the period between 2010-2015, 28 prisons were closed in total. If anything, the Dutch reform of the prison organization has been accelerating at a astounding stride, with xix of the prisons being shut down in 2022 lone.

Equally would be expected, closures of prisons in the Netherlands have led to a drop in the numbers of incarcerated offenders. This is also largely due to the fact that those convicted are choosing electronic tagging instead of incarceration. However, in that location is more to these statistics than meets the eye. Defying all expectations of the pro-incarceration lobbyists, criminal offence rates in the netherlands are also actually decreasing in direct proportion to the closure of prisons.

With such statistics laid blank for all to come across, many are now get-go to question the validity of incarceration as a method of reforming offenders. All the more so since the average prison house place costs the taxpayer £37,648 per twelvemonth - a hefty sum for a service that fails to deliver, peculiarly since there are vastly cheaper and more effective methods to bargain with offenders. Assuasive offenders to be tagged electronically rather than be incarcerated would save around £35 million per year for every yard convicted offenders. Serving a probation or community service order would also be 12 times less plush than the average prison placement for an offender.

More tellingly, a decreased incidence of relapse into criminal behaviour when offenders receive a community judgement, rather than a custodial one, has been revealed in re-offending statistics issued past the Britain Ministry of Justice. There is definitely an argument that serving a prison term tends to create rather than alleviate the problem of crime. As a Conservative white paper concluded in 1990, 'Nosotros know that prison is an expensive way of making bad people worse.' Interestingly, the written report also argued that there should be a range of community-based sentences which would be cheaper and more constructive alternatives to prison house.

Quite apart from the cost and relative ineffectiveness of incarceration is the short-sightedness of imposing a custodial sentence in the commencement place. A punitive organization of incarceration presupposes that the prisoner needs to be punished for bad behaviour. Since the prisoner is considered accountable for their behaviour, it is believed that they are likewise completely responsible for their actions. Such an approach overlooks social and economic factors that can play an integral part in the incidence of crime. Such an oversight only serves to perpetuate offense and punish offenders who need aid rather than a penal sentence.

It would do no harm for the UK to await to the Netherlands for an example in reducing law-breaking through addressing social bug as a key to reducing incarceration. In the Netherlands, the focus is on deterring crime by investing in social services rather than seeking purely to punish the offender. In add-on, those who do offend are helped with rehabilitation programmes.

Overlooking the social circumstances of the offender can also be detrimental to children's welfare, especially if a mother is bedevilled and given a custodial sentence. Frequently childcare arrangements are not in place when custodial sentences are handed down to mothers caring for children. In fact, inquiry suggests that more than half of the women who become to court are not expecting a custodial sentence, leading to provisions made for the children beingness haphazard at best. The number of children who fall foul of the custodial system in this way totals a staggering 17,000 per year. Worse withal, figures prove that adult children of imprisoned mothers are more than probable to be convicted of a crime than adult children of imprisoned fathers. Viewing the offender and their crime in isolation and disregarding all other social and environmental factors is therefore mistaken, if not downright morally reprehensible.

All evidence would seem to point to a much needed shake-up of the English penal system. Equally things stand, there are likewise many losers and no identifiable winners. It was Dostoevsky who said: 'The caste of civilisation in a society is revealed by entering its prisons.' Perchance we would do better to go one pace further and ameliorate his quotation to 'The degree of civilisation in a society is revealed by not having prisons and instead by addressing social problems in lodge itself.'

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Source: https://ieltsonlinetests.com/ielts-mock-test-2020-april-reading-practice-test-2/solution

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